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China Burma India Theater
China Burma India Theater (CBI) was an umbrella term, used by the United States military during World War II for the China and Southeast Asian or India-Burma (IBT) theaters. Operational command of Allied forces (including US forces) in the CBI was officially the responsibility of the Supreme Commanders for South East Asia or China. However: US forces in practice were usually overseen by General Joseph Stilwell, the Deputy Allied Commander in China; the term "CBI" was significant in logistical, material and personnel matters; it was and is commonly used within the US for these theaters.
Well-known US (or joint Allied) units in the CBI included the Chinese Expeditionary Force, the Flying Tigers, transport and bomber units flying the Hump, the 1st Air Commando Group, the engineers who built Ledo Road, and the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), popularly known as "Merrill's Marauders".
==U.S. Strategy for China==
In 1941 the U.S. made a series of decisions to support China in its war with Japan. Lend Lease funds began to flow because President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the defense of China to be vital to the defense of the United States. Over the summer, as Japan moved south into French Indo-China, the U.S., Britain and the Netherlands slapped an oil embargo on Japan, cutting off 90% of its supplies. Japan did cut off overland supplies to China through Burma. China could be supplied only by flying over the Himalaya mountains ("The Hump") from India,〔Bliss K. Thorne, ''The Hump: The Great Military Airlift of World War II'' (1965)〕 or capturing territory in Burma and building a new road—the Ledo Road.〔Michael Schaller, ''The U.S. Crusade In China, 1938–1945'' (1982)〕〔Barbara W. Tuchman, ''Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45'' (1971) ch 10〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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